استاندارد:

B31.3، پایپینگ فرآیندی؛ این دستورالعمل به طراحی کارخانه‏های نفت خام و پتروشیمی و پالایشگاه‏هایی که با مواد شیمیایی، هیدروکربن‏ها، آب و بخار کار می‏کنند می‏پردازد. این استاندارد شامل قوانینی برای پایپینگی است که به طور معمول در پالایشگاه‏های نفت خام، کارخانه‏های داروسازی، پارچه، کاغذ، نیمه‏هادی‏ها و دستگاه‏های برودتی و سایر فضاهای مشابه مورد استفاده قرار می‏گیرد. این دستورالعمل، الزامات مربوط به مواد و اجزا، چگونگی طراحی، ساخت و تولید، سوار کردن، برپا کردن، بررسی و بازرسی، و آزمایش را در پایپینگ توضیح می‏دهد. از این استاندارد می‏توان برای پایپینگ تمامی مایعات استفاده کرد؛ مایعاتی شامل 1) مواد شیمیایی خام، مواد شیمیایی میانی و مواد شیمیایی نهایی 2) محصولات نفت خام 3) گاز، بخار، هوا و آب 4) مواد جامد سیال 5) مبردها 6) و مواد مایع سرمازا. علاوه بر آن، سیستم پایپینگی که قطعات یا مراحل مختلف داخل یک مجموعه سوار شده از تجهیزات را به یکدیگر متصل می‏کند نیز شامل این استاندارد خواهد شد.

B36.10: This standard covers the standardization of dimensions of welded and seamless wrought steel pipe for high or low temperatures and pressures. The word pipe is used as distinguished from tube to apply to tubular products of dimensions commonly used for pipeline and piping systems. Pipe NPS 12 (DN 300) and smaller have outside diameters numerically larger than corresponding sizes. In contrast, the outside diameters of tubes are numerically identical to the size number for all sizes.

B36.19: This Standard covers the standardization of dimensions of welded and seamless wrought stainless steel pipe for high or low temperatures and pressures. The word pipe is used, as distinguished from tube, to apply to tubular products of dimensions commonly used for pipeline and piping systems. Pipes NPS 12 (DN 300) and smaller have outside diameters numerically larger than their corresponding sizes. In contrast, the outside diameters of tubes are numerically identical to the size number for all sizes. The wall thicknesses for NPS 14 through 22, inclusive (DN 350–550, inclusive), of Schedule 10S; NPS 12 (DN 300) of Schedule 40S; and NPS 10 and 12 (DN 250 and 300) of Schedule 80S are not the same as those of ASME B36.10M. The suffix “S” in the schedule number is used to differentiate B36.19M pipe from B36.10M pipe. ASME B36.10M includes other pipe thicknesses that are also commercially available with stainless steel material.

AMERICAN WELDING SOCIETY A3.0: Standard welding terms and definitions, including terms for adhesive bonding, brazing, soldering, thermal cutting, and thermal spraying.

A5.01-93R: Filler metal procurement guidelines.

A5-ALL: Filler metal specifications series plus filler metal procurement guide.

AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION C200-97: Steel water pipe—6 in. (150 mm) and larger.

MANUFACTURERS STANDARDIZATION SOCIETY SP-69: Pipe hangers and supports—selection and application.

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CORROSION ENGINEERS MR0175: Metals for sulfide stress cracking and stress corrosion cracking resistance in sour oilfield environments.

RP0170: Protection of austenitic stainless steels and other austenitic alloys from polythionic acid stress corrosion cracking during shutdown of refinery equipment.

RP0472: Methods and controls to prevent in-service environmental cracking of carbon steel weldments in corrosive petroleum refining environments.

SOCIETY OF AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERS SAE J 518: Hydraulic flanged tube, pipe, and hose connections, four-bolt split flange type.

American Society of Testing and Materials The American Society of Testing and Materials specifications cover materials for many industries, and they are not restricted to the process sector and associated industries. Therefore, many ASTM specifications are not relevant to this book and will never be referred to by the piping engineer.

We included a number of the most commonly used ASTM specifications in the Materials page of the products

A350 Gr.(LF1, LF2, LF3)

ASTM A182 Gr. (304, 304H, 309, 310, 316, 316L, 317L, 321, 347, 904L)

ASTM A182 Gr.(F 5, F 9, F 11, F 12, F 22, F 91)

ASTM A694 Gr.(F42, F46, F56, F52, F60, F65, F70)

ASTM A182 Gr.(F51, F52, F53, F54, F55, F57, F59, F60, F61),

UNS S31803, S32205, S32760, S32750

ASTM SB 336, ASTM SB 564 / 160 / 163 / 164 / 166 / 472, UNS 2200 (NICKEL 200) , UNS 2201 (NICKEL 201 ) , UNS 4400 (MONEL 400 ) , UNS 8020 ( ALLOY 20 / 20 CB 3 ) , UNS 8825 INCONEL (825) , UNS 6600 (INCONEL 600 ) , UNS 6601 (INCONEL 601) , UNS 6625 (INCONEL 625), UNS 10276 (HASTELLOY C 276)

ASTM SB 111 UNS No. C10100 , C10200 , C10300 , C10800 , C12000, C12200, C70600, C71500,

ASTM SB 466 UNS No. C70600 ( CU -NI- 90/10) , C71500 ( CU -NI- 70/30)

ASTM A420 Gr.(WPL3 , WPL6)

ASTM A403 WP( 304, 304H, 304L, 309, 310, 316, 316L, 317L, 321, 347, 904L)

ASTM A234 Gr. (WP1, WP5, WP9, WP11, WP12, WP22, WP91(

ASTM A860 Gr.(WPHY 42 - WPHY 46 - WPHY 52 - WPHY 56 - WPHY 60 - WPHY 65 - WPHY 70 - WPHY 80 only as per MSS-SP75(

ASTM A815 Gr.(UNS S31803, S32205, S32760, S32750)

ASTM SB336, UNS10276 (HASTELLOY C276), UNS2200 (NICKEL 200), UNS2201 (NICKEL 201), UNS4400 (MONEL 400), UNS8020 (ALLOY 20), UNS8825 (INCONEL 825), UNS6600 (INCONEL 600), UNS6601 (INCONEL 601), UNS6625 (INCONEL 625), UNS5500 (MONEL K500), UNS8800 (INCONEL 800), UNS8810 (INCONEL 800H)